Getting Those Sensuous Lips :: Plastic Surgery Beauty Essays

Getting Those Sensuous LipsPlastic surgery has become a leading business in America and is venturing in to all parts of the body. First there was the liposuction of the thighs and butt then the face-lifts, the beast implants and now the injections of the lips. The volume of the lips can be thick and prominent, as in indisputable races, or else thin and retracted as in other races. A full, fresh prominent mouth, which invites a kiss, is the latest object of cosmetic surgery. There work been many types of materials that have been injected and several techniques that have been used. Materials such as collagen, silicone, Gore-Tex, fat or dermis has been used for the injections. The surgeon should choose his technique carefully and agree to the affected roles wants.The procedure is very simple. Lip procedures are usually carried out under local anesthesia with intravenous conscious sedation. The surgeon and patient decide which material to use for the injections. Some of the other mat erials that are used are Collagen A molecule that makes up the bodys connective create from raw material usually interpreted from cow skin. Three percent of patients have hypersensitivity problems, and some develop allergic reactions as long as three to four geezerhood later. Alloderm A collagen created with tissue taken from human cadavers. The results last four to six months, then must be repeated. Can carry the risk of becoming septic and may feel slightly hard and unnatural. Gore-Tex A hollow, tube-shaped implant made from synthetic material. Procedure requires a fine incision made along the edge of the lips the tubing is inserted and the area stitched up. New tissue grows into and around the tube. Results are permanent, but may feel slightly less natural. Autologen Skin taken from a patient is sent to a lab that makes collagen from it, so the chances of allergic reaction are eliminated. Results are permanent. The marking of the lips is done intraorally creating a set of Ws o n the interior of the lips. The incision is made along the marking and extends deep to the submucosa and dissection is carried above the muscle to the vermilion (Samiian162). A suture stitch is grip to the center of the lip pressing over rubber patches until the tissue at the center are slightly pinched. Some cases a catheter is used and a spur threaded with a steel wire is passed through the center of the lip and then perforated by the catheter.

Crack’s Effect on New York City Essay -- Illegal Drugs Crack Essays

Cracks Effect on vernal York City In the summer of 1985, New York City was introduced to the drug crack. The prove seventeen years have culminated into some of the most turbulent, and crime ridden years in the history of New York City. Crack is the street name for a mildew of cocaine introduced in the mid-1980s. Crack is smoked, rather then sniffed through the nose, or injected, which are all other ways to use cocaine. Users of the drug inhale the blues that are given off when the crack is heated (Berger pg.20). Crack cannot burn, and in order to give off the drugs vapors it must be heated to a very high temperature. After the crack has been heated the user testament proceed to inhale the vapors. The drug will then pass from the lungs to the persons bloodstream and then reaches the brain, all within seconds. The user will immediately feel the euphoric sensation that crack brings. Crack is the strongest form of cocaine available. A New York state drug prosecu tor put it this way, Crack is to cocaine what the atom bomb is to TNT (Berger pg.21). Crack is extremely addictive and users are unremarkably left addicted after just one use. The drug is relatively cheap and a $10 vial is enough for two hits. The drug will eventually become a very expensive habit though. The high that crack gives is very short-lived and the user finds his or herself in a imposing cycle where they will crave the drug over and over. An addicted user will have a habit that will cost any where from $100-$1500 a day. The user will often steal and commit crimes to supplement their habit. The risks of getting hooked on crack are far greater than with other forms of cocaine. Addicts, who utilize cocaine only occasionally, said that after ... ...Edmondo. Cocaine. University or Arizona Press. 1989 Scott, Peter D. Cocaine Politics. University of California Press. 1991 Trebach, Arnold. The Great Drug War. MacMillen Publishing Co. 1987 Tullis, LaMond. Handbook on search of Illicit Drug Traffic. Greenwood Press 1991 Newspaper articles Barron, James. Woman Throws Her Two sons From Fourth Floor. New York Times. Nov. 28, 1986, Final ed. Sect B. Egan, Tim. A Drug Runs its Course, Then Hid with its Users. New York Times. Sept. 19,1999, Sun. ed. Sect A Kerr, Peter. City is Setting Up New drug Squad. New York Times. May 22,1986, posthumous ed. Sect A Kerr, Peter. Crack Burdening a Justice System. New York Times. Nov. 24,1986, Late ed. Sect A Lubasch, Arnold H. US Breaks up Major Crack Ring in New York. New York Times. July 31, 1987, Late ed. Sect B

The Role of the Princess in Jean Cocteau’s Film Orpheus Essay examples

The Role of the Princess in Jean Cocteaus Film OrpheusAs he lay in his bed, Orpheus Death would watch him sleep. This is one of the most notable reoccurring behaviors of the princess of oddment in Jean Cocteaus Orpheus. As made apparent, one of the many differences between Cocteaus version of Orpheus and the Greek version is that death is personified by dint of a female princess, rather than that of a male god. How does Cocteau embody death through the princess, is she all powerful, does she escape mortal tendencies, and finally, what does all this suggest just about death?Throughout history death has been a fascination to many authors, often personified as cruel, rigid, and ugly. In Cocteaus Orpheus, however, death (or perhaps merely a face of death), is personified through a beautiful and strong, young woman. While this faade fools Cocteaus characters, he uses many clues to indicate the princesss role such as appearance, dialogue, and actions. In the first scene we are introduce d to the princess when she appears at the social cafe with Cegeste, a distinguished and unruly young poet. While her role at this dit remains unclear, her powerful stature is clear. She steps out of her car with grace yet confidence, making eye contact with no one, yet holding her period high. Immediately she is noticed by Orpheus, by both her beauty and effectiveness. Her clothing is dark black long skirt and black jacket, and her hair is worn sleeked covering in a pony tail. All this indicates authority, but the color choice further indicates a cool, dark presence. Throughout the film, as the princesss mood changes, her wardrobe also changes, from business like to more romantic and seductive. Despite these changes, one thing remains constant, the co... ...ponding to her abuse of power. While she did possess powers, she did not possess the authority of when to exercise those powers.In Jean Cocteaus Orpheus, he has personified death through a beautiful princess. Throughout the film, many common beliefs of death were challenged, from those more visionary such as how death may appear, to whether it be an all-powerful occurrence, or managed under some higher power. By using the princess as deaths personification, he weakened the idea of death suggesting that while it is beyond the hands of mere mortals a higher power is in control. As the princess took life through personal motive, perhaps there, too, is motive behind whatever power controls death. I believe Cocteau is suggesting that we live in a world where death comes to not unaccompanied those deserving, but to bystanders who happen to be in the way of a personal goal.

Neuropsychological Testing Essay example -- Health, Diseases, Brain Im

Neuropsychological testing is used to assess and diagnosis brain impairments, such as a leave injury, dementia, or Alzheimers (Gregory, 1999). Purposes of neuropsychological assessments include determining if the problem is physiological (e.g., brain damage or lesion), the nature of the dysfunction (e.g., location or type), and cognitive deficits cased by the problem (Class Notes VIII). For example, following a brain injury, a neurological battery of tests may be given over in order to assess the single to see if in that location has been any change in cognitive functioning. Results from neurological assessments toilet pass on information on the individuals current noetic capacities, which allows for the development of a specific diagnosis and an individualized treatment plan (Gregory, 1999). Additionally, these tests help document the effects of a progressive illness (i.e., Alzheimers) or can confirm the individuals recovery (Gregory, 1999). Furthermore, if suspicion or ref erral questions about cognitive functioning are presented, then screening tests are often given beforehand to assess whether or not a neurological test battery or flexible battery is required. These screening tests are shorter versions that are easier to administrate and interpret than the long intensive neurological test batteries (Gregory, 1999).A neuropsychological battery of assessments examines areas that are sensitive to brain trauma or disorders, such as intelligence, memory, language, visuospatial and motor abilities, and frontal lobe functioning. The WAIS is specifically useful to neuropsychological testing because it can be used to examine these same areas. The intelligence aspect is generally deliberate by a standard intelligence test like the WAIS-III or WAIS-I... ...r-level concept formation. Furthermore, reading ability on the WAIS-III can predict the score on the Wechsler Test of Adult Reading (WRAT). Some problems with using this approach is that reading is depen dent on education and verbal abilities and brain damage can cause problems with reading ability (e.g., aphasias), so another test would have to be administered in the neuropsychological evaluation (Schoenberg et al., 2002).Overall, the WAIS can be a useful beam of light to include in a neuropsychological battery. It can help estimate a persons premorbid IQ and some of the individual subtests can provide insight into the section of the brain that may be dysfunctional. However, the WAIS may also be a difficult test to use to estimate cognitive decline, because there are so many tasks involved in the WAIS tasks that it is hard to separate out what they real problem may be.

A Comparison of Crime and Punishment and Othello :: comparison compare contrast essays

A Comparison of Crime and Punishment and Othello In twain(prenominal) Crime and Punishment and Othello there is a theme of necessary balance. Crime and Punishments theme that man must be balanced in order to modus operandi properly is very similar to Othellos theme that, tragically, jealousy is destructive, even to the one that holds it. In Crime and Punishment, Raskolnikovs extreme intellectualism caused him to stop functioning as a flesh out and balanced individual which ultimately cost him his freedom. For Othello, it was his extreme jealousy that caused him to become emotionally deranged, which cost him both Desdemona and his have got life. In both cases the extremes create unbalance which ends up costing a lot. There is a difference, however, and that too lies in the extremes while Raskolnikov is too intellectual and lacks emotion, Othello is a rage of emotions and requires some intellect or rationality. One stylistic device both authors used to demonstrate this unbalance is foreshadowing. On page 84 in Crime and Punishment, Raskolnikov says, If they question me, perhaps I will simply tell. Fall to my knees and tell. This foreshadows Raskolnikovs confession to the police and his subsequent sentencing to Siberia. Raskolnikov is obviously unbalanced if he can detachedly hypothesize about his confession. Similarly, Desdemonas willow song foreshadows her own death. In this way we realize Othello must be extremely unbalanced if his wife can foresee her own death when they are still fresh wed. Both foreshadowed events would usually be considered as negative. The main difference is that while Raskolnikovs imprisonment is temporary, Desdemonas death is permanent. The interesting thing about both foreshadowed events is their irony. While both events are usually construed as negative, good things come from both. Not until he has been in Siberia a year does Raskolnikov finally renounce his overman theory and become substitute and balanced once again. Also, Desdemona will be able to forgive Othello and be with him throughout eternity. What makes these happenings different is their justness. Raskolnikov was rightfully imprisoned for his crime, while Desdemona was unjustly murdered for a crime she did not commit. Finally, both stories include a very important epiphany. Raskolnikovs acceptance of love and God at Sonyas feet is both similar and dissimilar to

A Comparison of Crime and Punishment and Othello :: comparison compare contrast essays

A Comparison of Crime and Punishment and Othello In twain Crime and Punishment and Othello there is a pedestal of necessary balance. Crime and Punishments theme that man must(prenominal) be balanced in order to function properly is very similar to Othellos theme that, tragically, jealousy is destructive, even to the one that holds it. In Crime and Punishment, Raskolnikovs extreme intellectualism caused him to stop functioning as a complete and balanced individual which ultimately exist him his freedom. For Othello, it was his extreme jealousy that caused him to become emotionally unbalanced, which cost him both Desdemona and his own life. In both cases the extremes create unbalance which ends up costing a lot. thither is a difference, however, and that too lies in the extremes while Raskolnikov is too intellectual and lacks emotion, Othello is a rage of emotions and requires some intellect or rationality. One stylistic device both authors used to demonstrate this unbalance is foreshadowing. On page 84 in Crime and Punishment, Raskolnikov says, If they question me, perhaps I will simply tell. Fall to my knees and tell. This foreshadows Raskolnikovs exculpation to the police and his subsequent sentencing to Siberia. Raskolnikov is obviously unbalanced if he can detachedly hypothesize about his confession. Similarly, Desdemonas willow song foreshadows her own death. In this way we realize Othello must be extremely unbalanced if his wife can foresee her own death when they are still newly wed. Both foreshadowed events would usually be considered as negative. The main difference is that while Raskolnikovs imprisonment is temporary, Desdemonas death is permanent. The interesting thing about both foreshadowed events is their irony. While both events are usually construed as negative, correct things come from both. Not until he has been in Siberia a year does Raskolnikov finally renounce his overman theory and become complete and bala nced once again. Also, Desdemona will be able to forgive Othello and be with him throughout eternity. What makes these happenings different is their justness. Raskolnikov was rightfully imprisoned for his crime, while Desdemona was unjustly murdered for a crime she did not commit. Finally, both stories embroil a very important epiphany. Raskolnikovs acceptance of love and God at Sonyas feet is both similar and dissimilar to

Example of Related Literature and Studies

The previous chapter is all ab reveal the framework of the study. How the study was made possible and up to where the study bounds to be the points of the first chapter. This chapter presents survey of related literature and writing of recognized experts both of which have significant bearing or relation to the problem at a lower place investigation. The review focuses on the different materials that are needed on the solution of the study, what are the following points why these materials are necessary for the study.The chapter begins with the introduction of the different materials in the main needed to make the study successful, followed by the history or methodology used by people from ages in making facial nerve masks, and ended by different studies related or to be referred at by the research worker. Materials for the Research The main material of the study is Banana (Musa acuminata). It is an edible fruit produced by some(prenominal) kinds of large herbaceous flowering plant in the genus Musa.The fruit is variable in size, colour, and firmness, only is usually elongated and curved, with soft fleshy rich in starch covered with a rind which may be green, yellow, red, purple or brown when ripe. Banana is one of the most popular fruit eaten by the building block world. Not because of its cost and agricultural plantation but because of its benefits. Vitamin A present in banana is the component of it that acts as a natural moisturizer. According to an condition 19 Amazing Benefits and Uses of Banana for Skin and Hair (Aparajita, Stylecraze. com, 2010), Banana fruit has nutrients that are essential for the skin.They contain significant amounts of vitamin C and B6 which plays vital role in maintaining the integrity and elasticity of the skin. In addition, the large amount of antioxidants and manganese present in banana protect the body from damage caused by oxygen cease radicals which bestow to premature aging of the skin. So a major benefit from ban ana is younger looking skin. Banana has about 75 per cent water by weight in it. Thus banana service of processs hydrate your skin and prevents it from drying and peeling. Aparajitas article also discusses about the anti-aging power of bananas moisture.Nutrients in banana help in fighting wrinkles and keep the skin youthful. For an anti-aging facial mask loaded with vitamins A and E, mash together an avocado and a banana. allow for on skin for 25 minutes and rinse. Skin will be soft and youthful. The vitamins E in avocados combined with the nutrients in bananas fight free radicals and relate damage. However, bananas moisturizing effect is not enough for the study to last and be more effective. Acne is the problem of the study, a natural cure is needed. sweeten is a sweet food made by bees using nectar from flowers.The variety produced by sexual love bees is the most commonly referred to as it is the type of sexual love smooth by most beekeepers and consumed by humans. (Wiki pedia. com) Honey can do wonders for your skin, no wonder you will find so many skin-care products in the market containing honey. Honey acts as an anti-aging agent, and moisturizer. Additionally, it contains anti-microbial properties and natural antioxidants which help to protect the skin from sun rays and facilitates the skins ability to rejuvenate and re scented exhausted looking skin, thus divergence it soft and silky.Honey also has the ability to absorb and retain moisture and this helps in keeping the skin well hydrated, fresh and supple. It is known that ancient women used honey and milk to keep the skin youthful, radiant, and smooth. (stylecraze. com, 2011) Honey is a natural exfoliator that can clear blackheads with regular use. Acne can be also treated by honey with minimal and diluted solution. Acne is a very embarrassing. Those who are bestowed with breakout of acne will definitely concur with me. Well there is hope, as honey can go in to your rescue in curbing this pr oblem.Honey plays an imperative role in treatment of acne. Acne is caused by the build up of oil and dirt and since honey absorbs impurities from the pores on the skin, it is an precedent cleansing agent. Honey also is a natural antiseptic and soothes and heals your skin. Many women use honey to treat pimples. (stylecraze. com, 2011) Most of facial masks need milk or cream for emulsifying. But milk does not only act as emulsifier, milk has nutrients that contribute to youthful skin and moisturized face. Milks thickness and viscosity is not enough to make a viscous fluid or mask, instead we should make use of cream.Cream is a dairy product that is produced of the high-butterfat layer skimmed from top of milk before homogenization. Double cream is the choice, which contains 48% of minimum milk fat that whips easily and thickest for pudding and desserts. (Wikipedia. com, 2008) According to the National Dairy Council (as of 2010), milk is filled with nine essential nutrients that bene fit our healthCalcium Builds healthy bones and teeth maintains bone mass.Protein Serves as a source of energy builds/repairs heft tissue.Potassium Helps maintain a healthy blood pressure.Phosphorus Helps strengthen bones and generate energy.Vitamin D Helps maintain bones.Vitamin B12 Maintains healthy red blood cells and nerve tissue.Vitamin A Maintains the repellent system helps maintain normal vision and skin.Riboflavin (B2) Converts food into energy.Niacin Metabolizes sugars and fatty acids According to Dr. Brian Roy, milk does not only help in fitness and bone maintenance, but also in skin health and anti-aging agent.Facial mask There are different kinds of masks (e.g. cactus, cucumber, etc.) for different purposes deep-cleansing, by penetrating the pores healing acne scars or hyper-pigmentation brightening, for a tardy illumination of the skin tone. Some masks are designed to dry or solidify on the face, almost like plaster separates just remain wet. The perceive effects of a facial mask treatment include revitalizing, healing, or refreshing and, may yield temporary or long-term benefits (depending on environmental, dietary, and other skincare factors).Masks are removed by either rinsing the face with water, wiping off with a damp cloth, or peeling off of the face by hand. Duration for wearing a mask varies with the type of mask, and manufacturers usage instructions. The time can range from a few minutes to overnight. Those with sensitive skin are advised to first test out the mask on a small portion of the skin, in order to check for any irritations. Some facial masks are not reasoned to frequent use. A glycolic mask can only be used once a month without the risk of ardent the skin.Masks can be embed anywhere from drugstores to department stores, and can vary in consistency and form. Setting masks include clay, which is a thicker consistency, and will draw out impurities (and sometimes, natural oils, too) from the pores a cream, which stays damp t o hydrate the skin sheet-style, in which a paper mask is dampened with liquid to tone and moisturize the skin and lastly, a hybrid/clay and cream form that includes small beads for removing dead surface skin cells. Non-setting facial masks include warm oil and paraffin heighten masks.These different forms are made to suit different skin types (e. g. , oily or dry), and different skincare goals or needs (e. g. , moisturizing, cleansing, exfoliating). Clay and mud masks suit oily and some combination skin types, while cream-based masks tend to suit dry and sensitive skin types. Homemade skin treatments arent a new idea. Thousands of historic period before commercial products were available, ancient Egyptians made powders, ointments and lotions by combining plant extracts with natural oils (Slapak, 2004).In China, a combination of ground orange seeds and honey was used to help keep skin clear (National Honey Board). And in the 2nd century, ancient Romans combined animal fats with sta rches to make facial creams (Fountain). Egyptians used cosmetics regardless of sex and friendly status for both aesthetic and therapeutic reasons. Oils and unguents were rubbed into the skin to protect it from the hot air. Most frequently used were white make-up, black make-up made with carbon, lead sulphide (galena) or manganese oxide (pyrolusite) and green make-up from malachite and other copper based minerals.Red ochre was ground and mixed with water, and applied to the lips and cheeks, painted on with a brush. Henna was used to dye the fingernails yellow and orange. Kohl was applied to the eyes with a small stick. Both upper and lower eyelids were painted and a line was added extending from the tree of the eye to the sides of the face, the eye brows were painted black. It was believed that the makeup had magical and even healing powers. Most people will have applied the make-up themselves, but for those who could buckle under it, there was the professional cosmetician, the zX A.yt, the face painter so to speak.Even after death one had to take care of ones looks. When presenting oneself before the gods during the Judgment of the Dead one had best keep back certain rules of dress and make-up in order to make the right impression A man says this speech when he is pure, clean, dressed in fresh clothes, shod in white sandals, painted with eye-paint, anointed with the finest oil of myrrh. (Chapter 125 of the Book of the Dead) Oil is the primary ingredient of every Egyptian cosmetic product.Every King in the Dynasty of Egypt orders the finest oil from their capitol and from their workers. The Kings order addressed to the High Priest of Amen, king of gods, Ramses-nakht. The following This royal order was brought to you with the words that I have sent (it) to you by the supervisor of the treasury of Pharaoh, l. p. h. , and the Kings butler Amenhotep, reading Have excellent galena for the make-up of the Pharaoh, l. p. h. , taken where one (i. e. he) is, and you sent 15 deben of galena through him.When it had been handed to the physicians in the place of physicians of Pharaoh in the residence in order to prepare it, it was found to be very bad galena and no make-up usable for Pharaoh, l. p. h. , was among it. Only a single deben of galena was found among it. (Cairo ESP, Letter, New Kingdom) Now, modern cosmetic and facial care products are artificially prepared or made from factories. But every product may irritate your face so naturally prepared cosmetic care products are more needed and more demanding. Related StudiesAccording to a study of an unknown researcher from India, banana juice is nutritious but not necessary on facial treatment because it needs fermentation. Anonymous wrote Banana is a tropical fruit, which is big(a) abundantly in India. It is mainly composed of soluble sugars, starch and other polysaccharides. The juice was extracted from the normal ripe fruits with the help of pectinase enzyme. Optimization of pectinase tre atment was done by RSM method. Wine was prepared by using two strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCIM 3283 & NCIM 3046.The size of inoculum, effective pH, temperature, level of SO2 , level of DAP for both strains was optimized. It was found that NCIM 3046 gave better results compared to the other strain. fat-soluble solids (SS), pH and specific gravity decreased while titratable acidity (TA) increased with increasing length of fermentation of the juice. Sensory evaluation results showed that banana wine was unimpeachable in terms of flavor, taste, clarity and overall characteristics. The banana wine was generally accepted & could be popularized.

Police Stress

Police Stress page2 The first reference of stress is external stress. The way that this stress is disclosed is by stress that is caused by real threats and dangers. A few of these are like a call like a man with a gun and separate dangerous type of situation. With this kind of stress it is able to affect a police officer on the job. This is because this is where the danger is and when these types of situations happen at. The way that this type of stress can affect a police officer social spiritedness is mentally.They can be out with other people having fun and joking around. consequently in the officer mid they would be thinking about something that had happen that day. This kind of stress can also affect their personal life as salutary. The way that this happens is the officer does not know how to deal with or let go of the types of situations that they have to deal with on a day to day basis. I think that they could deal with this type of stress thought therapy or by talkin g to someone. This next type of stress is called organizational stress.The best way to describe this type of stress is by universe over established. This type of stress can affect an officer job by them being tired and from them being away from their family all the time. This type of stress also affects them socially. This is because they do not want to make plans to go and do something because of fear of them being called in for work. This type of stress can have an effect on their personal life as well. The way that this happens is the officers family starts to quality neglected and the officer stares to feel that he is letting them down.The way that they are able to deal with this type of stress is by going and getting some help, talking to someone or asking for some time off. The third type of stress that a police officer has is called personal stress. The way that this type of stress is described is by a police officer not getting along with fellow officers. The way that thi s affects the officers job is by having problems within the police part that they work in. The way that it affects them socially is it can cause tension in their socially life between people that they know.This stress also affects their personal life as well. This happen they take home this stress and use it against the people there. The way that they can deal with this is by getting to know the people they work with or talking with someone. The last type of stress there is for a police officer is called operational stress. The way that this type of stress is described is by having to deal with the day to day duties that they have to do on the job.This can affect their job because they do not do their job as well and sometimes they fail at it. The way that this affects them socially is by the way they look at criminals, Police Stress page2 citizens and their families. This can also affect them personally the way that it doses this is by making hard to deal with their family as we ll as work. The way that they can deal with this is by talking to a healer or someone at work.

Inclusive Education Essay

In this assignment I pass on be critiquing a peer reviewed research name which explores an grimace of inter master practice. I will reflect on my practice and identify how the research discussed with in the hold jolts and challenges my thinking and approach. By critiquing the journal Early Years An international Research Journal, I will show knowledge and understanding of different professional utilizations in archaeozoic years under pinned by theory I pret demise researched. My own understanding of inclusive practice in early years is that All kidskinren, irrespective of ethnicity, enculturation or religion, home speech communication, family background, learning elusiveies or disabilities, gender or dexterity should stimulate the opportunity to experience a challenging and enjoyable programme of learning and ontogenesis. (Early Years Statutory Frame turn tail, 2014, 1.15)The journal focuses on 52 early years practitioners from England, their experience of interpro fessional functional, woven unitedly and their level of confidence and competence alike different settings such as churlrens centres, preschool settings and hugger-mugger settings as well as community preschool as it has been the fore front of government policy in UK since the inquiry into Victoria Climbie I nonplus focussed on three prime opinions from the journal training, communication with multiagencies and champion which I think is notice regarding my own reflection of my practice as well as the impact on my thinking approach. The writers of the journal be Jane Payler and Jan Georgeson (2009) merely nowhere in the journal are their qualifications and backgrounds cited. It is unclear that the writers are professional s or have had either practical experience in early years. It does non tell you where the settings are located and which back ground the tiddlerren and families are from.I mean if all this training was falln it whitethorn have been clear to the re aders why we believe that research done in the deprived knowledge base has a Brobdingnagian impact on their achieving when it bewilders to budget training and skills. If it was a deprived area they might be struggling with the funds, resources and embody. On page b385 it states that they sent the questionnaires give away but I believe all the methods used had weaknesses as it does not say anywhere what phraseology they were using and what sort of questions were asked. Throughout the journal the writers praise the efforts that are thread from the infantrens centre in terms of functional with inter professionals.As a reader I felt they were biased towards the kidskinren centre as doneout their hold they have mentioned several mea reals or so how well small fryren centres are doing, in comparison to preschool and private nurseries. Even the tables indicate that the childrens centres are performing at the top and preschool and private settings are nowhere near their achiev ement and successes. On page 387 of the journal it states that during her research it distinctly showed that the childrens centres showed a secure understanding of procedure as well as confidence in approaching other agencies.The first aspect explored was training ask. The Journal term states that the survey done was completed by 52 early years practitioners who were either undergoing, or had recently completed training for early years professional status. Due to the level of education, it is clear to me why nearly of them were confident when running(a) with outer agencies and writing reports according to the NutBrown review of early education and child care qualifications interim report (March 2012) Getting qualifications right will help to en true that women and men enter the profession with the skills and experiences they take aim to do the outmatch work with vernal children and their families. Well taught courses and learning routes that lead to trusty qualifications raft help early years practitioners to improve their skills, knowledge and understanding, constantly developing in their spots.This has do me reflect on my own training in regards to what I need to attend in terms of inclusive education and its importance as it is clearly shows in the journal on pg381 that the faculty members with high qualifications and training were to a greater extent confident in approaching and writing IEPS (Individual Educational Plan). As I was instruction the journal one thing which really drew my attention was that it confabulationed about the faculty training being inconsistent. In some places staff seemed confident and in some places they were not. Myself being an early years practitioner and working in a private sector I contribute bear on to the problems as staff are expected to go on training in their own time. Working within the Borough of Hounslow I have experienced first-hand cuts that have definitely been pay off in regards to training. c onsort to the Guardian published in 2011 heading The government is putting training out of reach of those who need it some in early years. (The Guardian, 2011)It goes on further to state that From August colleges and training providers, in the main, will receive only half the cost of courses. This results in training being harder to gain. In order to go onto training you now have to firstly go onto a waiting list. Not only has that had an impact on your practice but excessively a staff members confidence with dealing with any situation which that training may have addressed. Another issue is that we now, as a setting, have to pay for the training. If a setting is low on funds the training cannot take place and so the staff members, as well as, children, parents and the setting, miss out. Covering the staff on training and courses exacerbates the situation. It is also shown on page 390 of the journal that due to the cuts the speech and language therapist who will come to the settin g one day fortnightly was reduced to once a week which impacts on the children having to refer somewhere else and not having an inclusive service.I have been affected by this last year as I was told that there was no money left in Hounslow borough to give out for inclusion reward staff which resulted on my having to use the staff I had al coiffe to support the childs need . Despite the to a higher place and reflecting on my own practice, I believe early years practitioners do the best when it comes to identifying a child with a need, as they are the primary carers later on the parents. In my belief, other agencies might have the qualifications but we as practitioners are the ones who identify the problem and so refer them on. As stated in the clean EYFS (2014 3.20) providers must support staff to undertake appropriate training and professional development opportunities to en accepted they offer equality, learning and development that continually improves. The second aspect which came to my attention was the different level of support throughout the childrens centre, preschool and private nursery.It was astonishing to see that the childrens centres were given the most support and due to this it is not a surprise that they were the most confident in approaching theoutside agencies and writing reports. This is clear due to their inter links with the outside agencies. According to the article they state that in every childs centre in London they have family support, speech and language therapists as well as wellness visitors who are designated to each childrens centre. Due to that reason, I believe that they have far more support including regular meetings, interactions and support however, private nurseries and preschools do not get that support and rely on communication based on letters as well as emails and phone calls, which is not always reliable and as impelling as meetings.From my own experience I have noticed that once you identify a concern with a ch ilds speech and language, the referral takes over six months to completely get a response from a speech and language therapist. In Hounslow alone there is a hanker waiting list of children waiting to be seen by a speech and language therapist. Due to this, it is no doubt in my mind that having an in-house speech and language therapist or to tied(p) have a type of training in order to help and support children with their need as now out of? Children coming to school are in need of some sort of speech and language support. (I CAN Talk Series Issue 6) This has challenged my thinking and approach I would definitely like in my setting, as a manager, ascend a staff member to see how the speech and therapist whole kit so they can come back and continue with the therapist approach.It was described by one of the practitioners that sitting with a child whilst seen by the therapist helped her to support the child page 389. I would love to be able to do so in my setting. I can support child ren with some support art object the child is waiting to be seen by the speech and language therapist. Once the child has been seen by the speech and language therapist I make sure I have the copy of the recommendations and advice made by the therapist, so I can use the same strategies used by the therapist. According to I CAN, an fundamental law that helps children to communicate, In some parts of the UK, particularly in areas of poverty over half of children start school with speech, language and communication needs. That means 2 to 3 students in every classroom have significant communication difficulties. (I CAN Talk Series Issue 6) One of the other aspects which came to my attention was that throughout the article it is clear to me that there has been effective communication within the childrens centre as there have been professionalstaff on site thereof all communication is nervus to face especially with speech and language therapists.Whereas private and other settings do not have this capacity and funds so all the communication involving outside agencies is on paper. It is clearly shown in figure 1 page387 that the childrens centres were 100 % on target when it comes to face to face striking with outside agencies. Other settings like independent preschools where I am employed are only doing 75% of face to face contact when it comes to communication and although its only 75% contact it is effective within that percentage. I agree with this as my own private setting has to rely on emails, phone calls and paper. This is also clearly stated in the journal on page 387. On page 395 it tells you about the need of the effective inter professionals practice in early years and their belief that it will be possible once the two year old check for disadvantaged children is extended. Since the 2 year check has been introduced I have experienced more regular contact with the wellness visitor. I have experienced different types of response when it comes to effe ctive communication.As in the text file one part needs to be done by the practitioner one by the parents and one need to be done by the health visitor regarding any concern with the child. more or less health visitors will be very particular in writing about the childs health and on other hand some health visitors will write little information concerning the child and leave it as no concerns. Conclusion The article helped me to reflect on my practice and identify key issues that impact and challenge my thinking and approach. For me, inclusion is not simply the toleration of all pupils, but the participating provision of opportunities for all to feel good about themselves and to have the chance to flourish, whatever their individual needs and potential barriers to learn might be.Whatever difficulties may arise in dealing with the outside agencies ,distance between the professionals and resources and funds available as a particular I believe we have a level-headed duty to make sur e we do the best when it comes to equality and diversity (inclusive and inclusion). In my setting and practice I have made sure that I provide and implement a clear policy and procedure to promote equality and support to every child in need as up held by the legal frame work in EYFS 3.66. It was also clearly stated in the journal on page 389 that settings doing their best when it comes to competence in developing their knowledge and network for inter-professionals over a periodof time were based on their knowledge and greater experience of integrated provision. Effective working practice with outside agencies should occur whatever the contact is, face to face or remote. As a practitioner it is our responsibility to make sure the child is covered within the inclusion policy.The second part of my assignment will be focusing on communication and the importance of communication in settings between other agencies, staff and parents/guardians. The word communication comes from the Latin w ord communis, meaning to share. (Communication studies). I believe sharing is a very important element when working within your practice, with parents and outside agencies. Personally I believe communication is the act of conveying information for the purpose of creating a shared understanding. And includes verbal, non-verbal and electronic means (Communication studies) According to Pietroni (1992) We should not underestimate the many factors that challenge working relationships between professionals.Most fundamental is communication. To achieve better integration of services and organi sit downion, The Childrens Act 2004 requisite local authorities to enter into partnership arrangements with parents who, in turn, carried reciprocal duties to cooperate. -Aubrey Carol. As suggested by the Laming Report, the Common Assessment Framework(CAF) was introduced as a standardised approach to assessing childrens additional needs. CAF supports the identification of a childs additional needs which are not currently being met at the earliest possible stage. (How children learn, Pg. 59) As an early years professional it is very important that I use communication effectively regardless of the type of setting, the ability to communicate effectively is life-or-death for developing positive relationships with children, young people and their families, colleagues and other professionals. Not only does it pave the way for a happy working environment but it is also a core unit of study for most children and young people especially when working with inclusion.In my setting I am the manager and the SENCO. I believe we are at the stage of norming as described by Tuckman in his performing team up development models. Consensus largely forms among the team, our team responds well to funding by a leader. Roles and responsibilities are clearly defined and important decisions are discussed and agreed upon by the entire team. Smaller decisions may be delegated toindividuals or undersi zed teams within a group not only to empower the members of staff but to discover each staff member understands how to handle decision reservation and help them to gain experience. Our team also discusses and develops our processes and working styles and are always adapting and evolving in parallel to new research and studies. There is overall respect for team leaders and leadership is shared by the team. Leader facilitates and enables (similar to the Situational Leadership Participating mode). Working beside staff is very important to make sure we have an effective chain of communication which is strong and healthy.In support of this Good communication practices need to be built into the policies and procedures of a setting (Communication studies what is communication) In our setting we make sure we work alongside parents as they are the first educators (Early Years Foundation Stage EYFS, 2.2.) To help children achieve their full potential we make sure that practitioners investi gate the experiences families and children receive when they attend our setting. Their feedback is essential to us as it helps us to further improve and meet the needs of parents more successfully. As part of gaining brainstorm into the experiences of children and parents in our setting we send out surveys and questionnaires for parents to express their opinion through, this is especially effective if the parent does not feel comfortable expressing their opinion face to face with a member of staff. In addition to this our setting has an open door policy where every morning members of staff are available to talk to our staffs are multilingual and can communicate with a vast range of parents.We also have a text and email system in place for the parents who are working and dont have time to complete surveys or get in touch with the staff. All these systems are in place to ensure effective communication. Coffee mornings are also in place and provide greater opportunities for parents to discuss their feelings in an informal atmosphere. Some settings invite parents to attend a short nursery rhyme performance and a chat about their experiences of the setting. We, at our setting take the ethos of parents as partners. Research tells us that the parents have the most influence over child development and so practitioners will serve children better by working in partnership with the parents. Practitioners also need to be mindful of the parents readiness to engage. There are many factors that should be considered when communication orattempting to communicate with parents such as communication barriers. Some of these barriers include time constraints regarding parents working hours, story time and language issues and if the parent may have special needs.Another communication barrier is if the engagement may be difficult due to family issues (such as a new baby, caring for a relative, domestic violence, health issues, and unusual working patterns.) It is only by understan ding parents and valuing their input that practitioners will be able to acknowledge their readiness to engage with the setting. Strong and positive communication and relationships between staff, parents and children will help to develop an atmosphere of trust and comfort. Some children may receive additional support from agencies for their communication development. It is essential that practitioners work in partnership with these agencies to maximize the benefit for the child as it also states in EYFS When parents and practitioners work together in early years settings, the results have a positive impact on childrens development and learning. (EYFS, 2.2) Our setting works about alongside outside agencies and take the multi-agency approach to make sure we provide the best care to the children.We also follow EYFS guide lines which states in i.16 Close working between early years practitioners and parents is vital for the identification of childrens learning needs and to ensure a qu ick response to any area of particular difficulty. Parents and families are central to a childs wellbeing and practitioners should support this important relationship by sharing information and offering support for extending learning in the home. To make sure this is happening effectively we have implemented a key person system. Each child has a key person allocated before they start at the setting it is established before the child starts the setting and on the basis of the initial meeting on induction day and the information gathered from paperwork. An typesetters case of this in practice is during introduction staff members meet all the parents and the children.If during the meeting we identify any information about the childs specific needs such as speech/language/physical issues and the parents need e.g. parents first language is not English, the key person is chosen to suit the need of the childs /parents so they have better communication and feel more comfortable and at eas e. Parents can feel confident in communication with staff members and between their children and staff. The role of the keyperson is too gather as much information as possible before the child starts the setting so that the settling in time can be arranged according to the childs needs and liaison. On the childs first day the key person sets the activity of the child according to the childs perceived interest and ability to ensure comfort and a sense of safety for the child. In addition to this the key person is responsible for noting and observing the activities of the child. After the initial meeting of the child and parents the SENCO of the setting (me) sit down and asses and evaluate any issues or concerns.An example of this is a child who attended my setting and during the induction day the render had mentioned that the child is shy and an introvert. However upon observing the child during induction activities I learnt that the child may be more than just shy or anti-social. I came to this demonstration as I had noticed the child avoided eye contact and would only play with one toy, a toy car in which he would execute it up and down in a continuous pose. The child also flapped their hands as a result of excitement. After the introduction I sat with my staff and talked about the day and mentioned the particular child. I then allocated myself as the childs key person. I felt I had more ringing with the child and insight than any other member of staff. I then shared my thoughts and observations I had made during the day and offered some solutions and plans of action. During the first few weeks of the child attending the setting I conducted many observations and also got in touch with my local SENCO and shared my concern over the phone.We then collectively arranged a day for her to come and observe the child. I double checked and ensured there was no further help I could provide and did all that was possible for the child e.g. the child enjoyed sticking doodles wherever he could and so I made a little post-box in each corner of the classroom and moved any hazards such as televisions as he loved sticking notes on the screens of television and computers. I also maintained daily contact with the mother and even asked her if it was possible to come earlier to pick him up as he became very upset when seeing other parents pick up their children. And made the mother sensible of the assistance I was receiving from my local SENCO. I explained how it was vital to contact my area SENCO as they could provide advice which would further help me to support her child to the best of my ability.On the mothers agreement permission my area SENCO visited me and observed the childshe later introduced herself to the mother, she explained her role and what she could do for her child. We arranged a meeting to discuss the concern we have as a team and our plans to set up a IEP so that we are to help and support the child on confirming the date we made sure that all the people involved are available such as the mother, area SENCO and myself the setting SENCO. We explained everything to the mother for example what an IEP is and what we were trying to accomplish with it. My role was to arrange a support worker who would work alongside the child to support his needs. On our meeting day we all sat down together with all staff members who were going to support the child. Everyone shared their thoughts individually and expressed their opinions. In the end we set up IEP targets to help the child develop skills and improve, these targets were made in shared agreement.Each individual involved was given a copy of the IEP targets, this ensured that all staff members involved in relation to the child was aware of the childs difficulties and aware of processes to help overcome them and that we all were all shared same vision to establish positive relation, both with each other and whats best for the child. I personally believe A trusting relations hip between the practitioner and parents begins with the initial contact and it is crucial that from the start, parents appreciate that staff value their knowledge and understanding of their child. (Working in partnership with parents, EYFS Principle) a professional and honest approach by all staff will be the baseline in building the feeling of trust as also reinforced in the government good practice guide as well as in Working Together to Safeguard Children, 2013 states all professionals contribute to whatever actions are needed to safeguard and promote a childs welfare and take part in regularly reviewing the outcomes for the child against specific plans and outcomes according to the report published a HM inspector in 2007 talks about working together with professionals and has stated that it is important that we as a practitioner enable parents to play a stronger role as partners in their childs learning and development.The staff also share the IEP so all the other staff are also aware of what is our common goals as a team as I believe it is very important to work as an effective team and to have the common goals. For me teamwork is like an oil that makes the team work. It can enable smoother movement towards targets, can prolong forward momentum, and can help teams to overcomeobstacles. In my setting I make sure when I communicate to my staff, parents and professionals I perform as an adult as a model of Bernes transactional analysis theory. As I believe if you talk like a child you will get a reaction like a child so it is very important that you make sure you come across as someone you want to be, as an adult or someone representing an accounting function or model. We need to be communicating like an adult. To make sure the staff is confident in doing the targets I arrange for the staff to go on training to be able to support the child as it is vital to me to make a quality learning experience for children and this requires a quality workforce provi ders should regularly consider the training and development needs of all staff members to ensure that they offer a quality learning experience for children that continually improve (Department of Education 2012).We also have professionals come to our setting to train the staff on the IEP targets such as bucket time. Intensive interaction and especial time in the setting the staff prepare that share their experience and knowledge with less experienced staff, in order to ensure that continuing professional development takes place. (EYE VOLUME 14) The professionals who train the staff come to the setting to work with the key person to see if they are using the training effectively. I have regular contact with the professional through phone, email, and through paper. We have regular interaction with the outside agency and termly meetings in which the childs progress and next steps to take are addressed. During the meetings the childs transition is also discussed as it is very importan t to make sure the child moves to the next setting with all the support and the hard work achieved by us at our setting is implemented and continued.I sat with the mum and the area SENCO to explain to mum the options she has to choose from as in the end its what she wants for the child that is important.as it is clearly stated in the SEN code of practice working in partnership with parents 2.2 parents too have a vital role to play in supporting their childs education. They hold key information and have a critical role to play in their childrens education. It continues to state that parents have knowledge and experience to contribute to the shared view of a childs needs and the best ways of supporting them. So I believe it is very important that professionals (schools, LEAs and other agencies) actively seek to work with parents and value the contribution they make. Itis my belief that The work of professionals can be more effective when parents are involved and account is taken of th eir wishes, feelings and perspectives on their childrens development. In the document it continues stating When practitioners are friendly and have a genuine interest in the children, parents come to like and trust them, and mutual respect can flourish.According to B Sandra who is the consultant and director of Early Years gives some recommendation on effective communication according to her recommendation we need to give full attention to the person who we were communication, we need to be aware of our body language, need to resist any ways to interrupt. We need to take account of individual need and be flexible in the way they communicate and be ready to ask for help when required, be honest about what we know and what we dont know, one of the other recommendation is that we need to be sensitive to culture differences as in some cultures direct eye contact is class as been rude in other culture satin cultures certain gestures are classed as rude.so care is needed when communicatio n.While communication with a person with English as a additional needs we need to use photos, and visual aid. individual with hearing aid needs to be communicating visual aid as well as use of British sigh language to make sure effective communication is taking place. To conclude my assignment I believe that a happier, healthier and better-informed workforce leads to a better setting. And that engaging your workforce with the right kind of communication, delivered regularly and efficiently through appropriate channels and means can make a big difference to all involved, for example you, your staff, child, parents and outside agencies.

Night World : Black Dawn Chapter 13

I think, Jeanne tell, that hes here to pick out Delosto blind drunk the Dark Kingdom out(p) Shut up the castleand fetch join him Outside. And, incident exclusivelyy, ofcourse, kill all the slaves.Maggie stargond. Kill them all?Well, it makes sense. Nobody would needthem anymore.And thats why you were escaping outright, Maggie verbalise slowly.Jeanne gave her a quick, startled glance. Yourereally not as stupid as you seem at first sight, you agnise?Gee, thanks. Maggie shifted on her branch. Aminute ago shed been thinking how good it would feel to get away from the twigs poking her. Now she suddenly wanted to stay here forever, hiding.She had a truly bad feeling.So why, she said, forming her thoughtsslowly,doesHunter Redfern want to do thisright now?What do youthink? Really, Maggie, what do you know about all this?Four Wild Powers,Maggie thought, hearing Deloss old teachers division in her mind. Who willbeneeded at the millennium, to save the adult male-or todestroy it.I kn ow that somethings happening at the millennium, and that Delos is a Wild Power, and thatthe Wild Powers are supposed to do something-Save the world, Jeanne said in a clipped voice.Except that thats not what the Night People want.They figure thithers going to be some huge catastrophe thatll wipe out most of the humansand then they can take everywhere. And thats why Hunter Redfernshere. He wants the Wild Powers on his side insteadof on the humans. He wants them to help destroythe human world instead of saving it. And it panoramas manage hes just about convinced Delos.Maggie permit out a shaky breath and leaned herhead against a branch. It was just the akin what Deloshad told her-except that Jeanne was an uninterested party. She mum wanted not to believe it, but she had a terrible sinking feeling. In fact, she had a strange feeling of weight,as if something awfulwas trying to settle on her shoulders.The millennium really means the end of theworld, she said.Yeah. Our world, anyway .Maggie glanced atP.J., who was swinging her thin legs over the edge of a branch. You stillokay?P.J. nodded. She looked frightened, but not unbearably so. She kept her eyeball on Maggies formula trustingly.And do youstill want to go to the castle?Jeanne said, watching Maggie just as closely.Hunter Redfern is a very bad guy to mess with.And I scorn to tell you, but your friend Prince Delosis out for our blood just like the rest of them.No, I dont still wantto go, Maggie said briefly. Her head went down and she gave Jeanne a pensive look under her eyelashes. just now I fork over to, anyway. Ive got level more reasons now.Such as?Maggie held up a finger. oneness, Ive got to. gethelp for Cady. She glanced at the motionless figure clinging confused to the firs trunk, then held upan opposite finger. Two, I have to baffle out what happened to my brother. Another finger. And, three,I have to get those slaves allow before Hunter Redfern has them all killed.You have to what?Jeanne said in a muffled shriek. She almost fell out of the tree.I kind of thought youd react that way. Dontworry about it. You dont have to get involved.I was wrong before. You areas dumbasyoulook. And you are totally freaking crazy.Yeah, I know, Maggie thought grimly. Its probably justas well I didnt mention the fourth reason.Which was that she had to keep Delos from aiding and abetting the end of the world. That wasthe responsibility that had settled on her, and she had no report why it was hers except that shed been inside his mind. She knew him. She couldnt justwalk away.If anybody could talk to him about it and convince him not to do it, she could. She had absolutely no doubt about that. So it was her job to try.And if he was really as evil as Jeanne seemed tothink-if it was true that hed killed Miles well, then she had a different job.She had to do whatever was necessary to stophim. Distant and impossible as it seemed, shewould have to kill him if that was what it excessivelyk.Com e on, she said to the other offspring ladys. Cady, do you think you can climb down now? And, Jeanne,do you know a way into the castle?The moat stank.Maggie had been glad to find Jeanne knew a wayinto the castle. That was before she discovered that it involved swimming through stagnant water and climbing up what Jeanne called a garderobe butwhat was all too obviously the shaft of an oldlatrine.Just kill me, somebody, Maggie whispered halfway up. She was soaking wet and daubed with un thinkable slime. She couldnt remember ever beingquite this dirty.The next moment she forgot about it in her worryabout Cady. Cady had managed the swim, still doing everything she was told asif she werein a trance. But now she was getting shaky. Maggiewondered seriously whether this sort of activity was helpful to somebody whod been poisoned.When they werefinally at the top of the shaft,Maggie looked around and saw a small room thatseemed to be built directly into the castle wall. Everything was made of dark stone, with a cold and echoing feel to it.Dont make any noise, Jeanne whispered. Shebent close to Maggie, who was helping support Cady.We need to go down a passage and throughthe kitchen, okay? Its all right if slaves see us, butwe have to watch out for them.Weve got to get Cady to a healing woman-I know Thats where Im trying to take you.Jeanne clamped a hand on P.J.s shoulder and steered her into a corridor.More stone. More echoes. Maggie tried to walkwithout her apparel squishing or smacking. She wasdimly impressed with the castle itself-it was grandand cold and so huge that she felt like an insect making her way through the passage.After what seemed like an deathless walk, theyemerged in a small entryway partitioned off bywooden screens. Maggie could hear activity behind the screens andas Jeanne led them stealthily forward, she caught a glimpse of flock moving onthe other side. They were spreading white tablecloths over long wooden tables in a room thatseemed bigger th an Maggies entire house.Another doorway. Another passage. And finallythe kitchen, which was full of bustling people. Theywere stir huge iron cauldrons and turning meaton spits. The smell of a dozen different kinds offood hit Maggie and made her feel faint. She was so hungry that her knees wobbled and she had to swallow hard.But even more than hungry, she was scared. They were in knit sight of dozens of people.Slaves, Jeanne said shortly. They wont tell onus. Grab a sack to wrap around you and hap on.And, P.J.,take off that silly hat.Slaves, Maggie thought, staring. They were alldressed identically, in loose-fitting pants and topsthat were like short tunics. Jeanne was wearing thesame thing-it had looked enough like clothes from Outside that Maggie hadnt really focused on it before. What struck her now was that everybodylooked so un-ironed. There were no sharp creases. And no real color. All the clothes were an indeterminate shade of beige-brown, and all thefaces seemed just as d ull and watery They were like drones.What would it be like to live that way? she wondered as she threw a rough sack around her shoulders to hide the dark blue of her jacket. Without any preference in what you do, and any hope for thefuture?It would be terrible, she decided. And it mightjust drive you crazy.I wonder if any of them ever snap?But she couldnt look around anymore. Jeanne was hustling through a doorway into the open air.There was a kind of garden here just outside the kitchen, with scraggly fnut trees and what lookedlike herbs. Then there was a courtyard andfinallya row of huts cling to against the high nigrify wall that surrounded the castle.This is the really dangerous part, Jeanne whispered harshly. Its the back, but if one of them looks out and sees us, were in trouble. Keep yourhead down-and walk like this. handle a slave. Sheled them at a shufflingrun toward a hut.This place is like a city, Maggie thought. A cityinside a wall, with the castle in the middle.They reached the shack. Jeanne pulled the door open and bustled them inside. Then she exclude the door again and sagged.I think we actually made it. She sounded surprised.Maggie was looking around. The tiny room was dim, but she could see crude furniture and piles ofwhat looked like laundry. This is it? Were safe?Nowhere is safe, Jeanne said sharply. But wecan get some slave clothes for you here, and we can rest. And Ill go get the healing woman, sheaddedas Maggie opened her mouth.While she was gone, Maggie turn to Cady andP.J. They were both shivering. She made Cady lie down and had P.J. help her go through one of the piles of laundry.Get your wet things off, Maggie said. Shepulled off her own hightops and shrugged out ofher schmalzy jacket. Then she knelt to get Cadysshoes off. The blind girl was lying motionless on athin pallet, and didnt respond to Maggies touch.Maggie was worried about her.Behind her, the door opened and Jeanne camein with two people. One was a gaunt and handsom e woman, with dark hair pulled untidily back and anapron over her tunic and pants. The other was ayoung girl who looked frightened.This is Laundress. The way Jeanne said it, itwas clearly a proper name. Shes a healer, and the girls her helper.Relief washed through Maggie. This is Cady,she said. And then, since nobody moved and Cady couldnt speak for herself, she went on, Shes fromOutside, and she was poisoned by the slave traders. Im not sure how long ago that was-at least(prenominal) a couple of days. Shes been running a high fever andmost of the time shes just sort of sleepwalking-What is this? The gaunt woman took a step toward Cady, but her way was anything but welcoming. Then she turned on Jeanne angrily.How could you bring this-thing-in here? Maggie froze where she was by Cadys feet.What are you talkingabout? Shes sick-Shes one of them The womans eyes wereburning darkly at Jeanne. And dont tell me you didnt notice. Its dead plainWhatsperfectly plain? Maggies fists were clen ched. Jeanne, whats she talking about?The womans burning eyes turned on her. Msgirl is a witch.Maggie went still.Part of her was amazed and disbelieving. Awitch? Like Sylvia? A Night Person?Cady wasnt at all like that. She wasnt evil. Shewas normal,a nice, ordinary, gentle girl. She couldntbe anything supernatural.But another part of Maggie wasnt even startled.It was saying that at some deep level she had known all along.Her mind was bringing up pictures. Cady in thehollow tree, when she and Maggie were hidingfrom Bern and Gavin. Cadys lips moving and Gavin saying I cant feelthem at all.The hound today had said the same thing. I cant total theirlifeforce anymore.She was blocking them from sensing us, Maggiethought. And she was the one who told us to climbthe tree. Shes blind, but she can see things.Its true.She turned slowly to look at the girl lying onthe pallet.Cady was almost perfectly still, her breathingbarely lifting her chest. Her hair was coiled around her head like damp sna kes, her face was smudgedand dirty, her lashes spiky on her cheeks. Butsomehow she hadnt lost any of her serene beauty. It remained untouched, whatever happened to herbody.I dont care, Maggie thought. She whitethorn be a witch,but shes not like Sylvia. I know shes not evil.She turned back to Laundress, and spoke carefully and deliberately.Look, I understand that you dont like witches.But this girl has been with us for two days, and allshes done is help us. And, I mean, look at herMaggie lost her reasonable tone. They were bring ing her here as a slave She wasnt getting any special treatment. Shes not on their sideToo bad for her, Laundress said. Her voice wasflat and plain. The voice of a woman who saw things in black and white and didnt like arguments.And who knew how to back up her beliefs. Onebig gaunt hand, went beneath her apron, into a hid den pocket. When it came out again, it was gripping a kitchen poke.Wait a minute, Jeanne said.Laundress didnt look at her. Friends of witc hesare no friends of ours, she said in her plain, heavyway.And that includes you.With one motion, Jeanne wheeled away from herand into a rouseing stance. Youre right. I knewwhat she was. I hated her, too, at first. But its like Maggie told you. Shes not going to hurt usIm not going to miss a chance to kill one of them, Laundress said. And if you try to stop me, youll be sorry.Maggies heart was pounding. She looked backand forth from the tall woman, who was holdingthe knife menacingly, to Jeanne, who was crouchedwith her teeth bared and her eyes narrowed. They were ready to fight.Maggie found herself in the middle of the room,in a triangle formed by Cady and Jeanne and theknife. She was too angry to be frightened.You put that down,she said to Laundressfiercely, forgetting that she was speaking to anadult. Youre notgoingto do anything with that. How can you even try?Vaguely, she noticed movement behind the woman. The frightened young girl who hadnt saidanything so far was stepping fo rward. She was staring at Maggie, pointing at Maggie. Her eyes andmouth were wide open, but her voice was an indrawn breath.The DelivererMaggie hardly heard the gasped words. She wasrushing on. If you people dont stick together,what kind of chance do you have? How can youever get free-ts herThis time the girl shrieked it, and nobody could help but hear. She clutched at Laundresss offset wildly. You heard what she said,Laundress. Shes come to free us.What are you talking a-?Jeanne broke off, looking at Maggie with her eyebrows drawn together. Suddenly the eyebrows flew up and she straightened slightly from her crouch. Hmm.Maggie stared back. Then she followed all their eyes and looked down at herself in bewilderment.For the first time since shed arrived in the DarkKingdom she wasnt wearing her jacket and hershoes. She was wearing exactly what shed beenwearing when her mothers screams woke her threedays beforeher blossom pajama top, wrinkled jeans, and mismatched socks.She will come clothed in flowers, shod in blueand scarlet, the girl was saying. She was stillpointing at Maggie, but now it was with something like reverence. And she will speak of freedom.You heard her, Laundress Its her. Shes the oneThe knife trembled slightly. Maggie stared at thered knuckles of the hand holding it, then looked up at Laundresss face.The blotchy features were grim and skepticalbut there was an odd gleam of half-stifled hope inthe eyes.Is she the one? she said harshly toJeanne. Is this idiot Soaker right? Did she say shescome to deliver us?Jeanne opened her mouth, then shut it again.She looked helplessly at Maggie.And, unexpectedly, P.J. spoke up. She told usshe had to get the slaves free before Hunter Redfern had them all killed, she said in her light,strong childs voice. She was standing straight, her slender body drawn to its fullest height. Her blondhair shone pale above her small earnest face. Her words had the limpid ring of truth.Something flashed in Jeannes eyes. Her l ipquirked, then she bit it. She sure did. And I toldher she was crazy.And in the beginning, when Jeanne showed herwhat they do to escaped slaves here, Maggie said it had to stop. P.J.s voice was still clear and confident. She said she couldnt let them do thingslike that to people.She said we couldnt let them do things likethat, Jeanne corrected. And she was crazy again.Theres no way to stop them.Laundress stared at her for a moment, then turned her burning scan on Maggie. Her eyes wereso fierce that Maggie was afraid she was going to attack. Then, all at once, she thrust the knife backin her pocket.Blasphemer she said harshly to Jeanne. Donttalk about the Deliverer that way Do you want totake away our only hope?Jeanne raised an eyebrow. Youwere the one about to take it away, she pointed out.Laundress glared at her. Then she turned to Maggie and a change came over her gaunt features. Itwasnt much they still remainedassevere and grim as ever, but there was something like a bleak smil e twisting her mouth.If you are the Deliverer, she said, youve gotyour work justify out for you.Just everybody hang on one second, Maggiesaid.Her head was whirling. She understood whatwas going on sort of. These people believed shewas some legendary figure come to save them. Because of a prophecy-they seemed to have a lot ofprophecies around here.But she couldnt really be their Deliverer. She knew that. She was just an ordinary girl. Andhadnt anybody else ever worn a flowered top inthis place?Well maybe not. Not a slave anyway. Maggie looked at Laundresss clothes again with new eyes.If they all wore this sort of thing, hand sewed and plain as a burlap sack, maybe a machine-made topwith bright colors and a little wilted lace would look like something from a legend.And I bet nobody wears red and blue socks, shethought and almost smiled. Especially at once.She remembered how Sylvia had looked at them. Normally she would have been terribly embarrassed by that, perfect Sylvia looking a t her imperfections. But the socks had been what started heron this whole journey by convincing her that Sylviawas lying. And just now theyd saved her life. IfLaundress had attacked Jeanne or Cady, Maggie would have had to fight her.But Im still not the Deliverer, she thought. I haveto explain that to them.And since shes the Deliverer, youre going tohelp us, right? Jeanne was saying. Youre going to heal Cady and feed us and hide us and everything? And help Maggie find out what happened toher brother?Maggie blinked, then grimaced. She could see Jeanne looking at her meaningfully. She shut hermouth.Ill help you any way I can, Laundress said.But youd better do your part. Do you have a plan, Deliverer?Maggie rubbed her forehead. Things were happening very fast-but even if she wasnt the Deliverer, she hadcome to help the slaves get free. Maybe it didnt matter what they called her.She looked at Cady again, then at Jeanne, and at P.J., who was staring at her with shining confidence in her young eyes. Then she looked at thegirl named Soaker, who was wearing the sameexpression.Finally she looked into the gaunt, hard-bittenface of Laundress. There was no easy confidencehere, but there was that half-stifled look of hopedeep in the burning gaze.I dont have a plan yet, she said. But Ill comeup with one. And I dont know if I can really helpyou people. But Ill try.

Education-Strategy Essay

It is a common knowledge in human development that individuals have stark differences specially in their cognitive capacities and behavioral attributes. Education was then(prenominal) established to somehow reconcile this individual diversity hence it is a must for teachers to allot comforting amount of their time to prepare and assess instructional approach and materials that they will employ in classes of heterogeneous populace of students.To effectively facilitate the learning outcomes of students, teachers at every level should map out their objectives for the specified topic of each instructional period. Teachers usually have different strategies in preparing a lesson some farm detailed and meticulously encoded charts while other teachers plainly scrawl down the notes for a particular topic at a discarded piece of pad.Strategies in planning for an instructional approach are immaterial because the most important endeavor is for the teacher to execute wise decisions about th e feasibility of their instructional technique to the successful attainment of learner goals. Furthermore, it is an educational requirement that teachers should be well-equipped of the knowledge that they are teaching because specialization of a particular playing field matter effectually bolsters the realization of an educators designed objective for the improvement of students cognitive competence.First and foremost, before a teacher could outline relevant topics for a subject matter and its corresponding intent the teacher must conduct a pre-assessment of the students capacity and skills in a class that is needed to be handled it can be in a form of a diagnostic running game or conversational question-and-answer approach. The teacher ideally should not carry out an impersonal handling to the students since they are not basically identical in aptitude and manners. After carefully assessing the individual needs of the students a teacher then must enterprisingness in designing a lesson plan that is precisely appropriate for the learners demand.In delivering carefully prepared instructional scheme, a teacher must keep in mind the unavoidable nuisance that may hinder the proper execution of the lessons objectives. In addressing this kind of problem in the classroom, teachers should make use of rewards and punishments to further reward the need to conquer irresponsible learning behaviors and the encouragement of receptiveness to knowledge enhancement. At the end of a specified topics timeframe, the teacher then is expected to administer a check-up rill.In doing so, a teacher must be aware of the following criteria in designing a test questionnaire the test must coincide with the intended learning objectives the test questions should accurately recount the information taught the test items must quantify relevant ideas and not those that are peanut the test items must be able to assess the composite behaviors, the practical abilities or principles-application of the students and not just simply reckoning memory skills and lastly, the test questionnaire must be clear and simple to avoid confusion.The test should not be purely objective because it cannot measure the reasoning abilities of students. Provide spaces in the test papers that will measure the subjectivity level and argumentative skills of the students. Commonplace negative feedbacks occur every after a test exam is successfully completed. conventionality setbacks such as large percentages of failing students occur that extremely pressures teachers because of strict adherence to the set timeframe of lesson plans.In cases of unforeseen problems like this, a teacher must devote time to communicate with the students to inquire the difficulties they have encountered in the entire instructional program. Subsequently, after the appraisal of the factors contributing to the failure of a large bundle of students in the examination, the teacher may form get hold of groups that will be evenly comprised of both astute and slow-learners.The teacher then must monitor that the study groups discuss or brainstorm about the previous topics while a new one is being elicited. Afterwards, the teacher may administer another test to evaluate the success of the remedial approach.Works CitedCenter for Teaching and Learning. Brigham Young University http//ctl. byu. edu/? page_id=343 Ten Must-Know Facts About Educational Testing. PTA Every Child, One Voice, 2000-2008 http//www. pta. org/archive_article_details_1117837372328. html

Prohibition in Usa 1900-1930

Prohibition in USA in the 1900s The bul strugglek was brought on by the strong abstemiousness movement happening in the States in the early 1900s. These groups were devout Christians who vowed to be sober as they saw the affect alcohol had on families. exclusively the members of this movement campaigned for everyone to give up alcohol. The arguments of the Temperance groups were so strong that they eventu wholey convinced state political sciences to prohibit the sale and produce of alcohol in their state.Politicians okay this movement as it secured them votes in the rural areas, and by 1916, the sale and production of alcohol had been banned in 21 states. USAs entry into the state of war strengthened this movement, as drinkers were being labelled as Unpatriotic cowards for not entering into the war. The fact that Germany supplied most of the countries alcohol in like manner helped the movement, as Germany was seen as the enemy. disrespect the great efforts made by the governme nt, the sale and production if alcohol didnt entirely cease.People all over the US started making their own alcohol, these were called bootleggers People also set up illegal bars change black market alcohol and providing entertainment, these were referred to as Speakeasies and made a fortune. Over the 13 years that the prohibition lasted, over 37,000 illegal distilleries, or stills were shut down, and nearly 23 million gallons of illegally produced or imported alcohol was seized. But even after all that it is said that only a fraction was discovered, although it is Impossible to k directly for certain.Temperance groups had been around for many years, but their quest for a dry estate wasnt bounteous until the early 1900s. These groups were strong in rural areas of the US, but after Americas entry into the First World War in 1917, this movement was strengthened. Americas deep sense on patriotism previously weakened the temperance movement, as citizens were proud of who they were an d all enjoyed a good drink. But when the war was over, and Germany was distinguished as the enemy, patriots were unwilling to support their economy by buying their alcohol, which greatly helped the movement as most of the US alcohol was supplied by Germany.With volume of the country on their side, the temperance movement grew stronger and by 1917 they had enough states on their side to propose the eighteenth am dismissment, which prohibited the manufacture, sale or transportation or intoxicating hard drinks and in January of 1920 it became a law, known as the Volstead Act. The prohibition was not for everyone, and although a lot of Americans agreed with the movement, there were plenty who did not.People began to see there was potentially a lot of money in this, and began to set up illegal bars selling illegally made alcohol. A lot of these state were immigrants, who were under the weather educated but also ruthless and clever. The government enforced the prohibition by implement ing prohibition agents who discovered and arrested offenders. But despite the work of these agents, who were poorly paying and had a large area to cover, it became apparent that it was practically impossible to effectively enforce prohibition in the cities.Many speakeasies thrived as bootleggers took advantage of the underpaid officers, and bribed them to keep quiet. Many people made a vast fortune through the movement, one of the most well-known being Al Capone, who made an estimated 2 billion dollars throughout the 13 years of prohibition. Al Capone was a well-known gang leader, and was renowned for his ruthlessness. His criminal activities were not exactly quiet but it was virtually impossible to convict him as he had such a strong control over the jurisprudence.In 1929 Capone and his gang dressed up as police and murdered 7 members of an opposing gang, which is now known as the St. Valentines day massacre. It was at this point where it became apparent that things had gotten out of hand, and some say it was this event which essentially led to the end of the prohibition. At about the same time, there was a massive crash in the American stock market. People were losing jobs and the economy was crumbling. By this stage the police were corrupt, the country was lawless and the gangsters were rich and powerful.To make matter worse, by 1930 a great depression had set in and arguments were raised that if the ban on liquor was raised, it would create more jobs, the gangsters would have less power and less money, and it would open resources which were dispensed to the agents in charge of the unrealistic task of enforcing prohibition. These ideas were frowned upon by many, but the country was in need of change. In 1932, the democrat Franklin D Roosevelt was elected president, and by 1933 the eighteenth amendment was revoked.It was said by many that the prohibition was a complete failure, as from day one it was an immense struggle to enforce the law, and people contin ued to drink despite it, which resulted in huge profits for the people illegally producing and selling alcohol. Many people also think that the prohibition was a contributing factor to the great depression, and impacted the country in a negative way. American culture was greatly changed by the movement, as police became more corrupt than the offenders they were allegedly trying to imprison, and gangsters were controlling the cities which put the country into a state of unremitting fear.Crime and violence rates rose greatly, the government lost a lot of money from alcohol taxes and the country struggled to support itself without the income which alcohol used to provide. It wasnt until the St Valentines kill that people realised how out of control the whole situation was, and it is referred to as a turning point as it is thought that this event made the government see that the prohibition was causing more trouble than it was fixing. In conclusion, the prohibition really did not achi eve what it set out to do, stop people from drinking and create a more civilised country, in fact, it did quite the opposite.

Merchant Banking in India Essay

merchant Banking In IndiaThe merchant intruster argon those m wiztary intermediary involved with the activity of transferring capital stocks to those borrowers who ar interested in borrowing. The activities of the merchant banking in India is very vast in character of which includes the following a) The management of the customers securitiesb) The management of the portfolio,c) The management of projects and counseling as well as appraisald) The management of belowwriting of shares and debenturese) The circumvention of the syndication of loansf) Management of the interest and dividend etcFactors responsible for the Changes1) . Globalization of Indian EconomyIt has made the whole economy open, which has more multinational player in the era of the financial usefulnesss? This has resulted in to the emergence of the global investment in financial sector. Government has now open up the doors of investments especially in the area of banks and insurance, which leads to competi tory environment for the present players. Now they apply to bring something bare-ass which is efficient and best services to live in the competitive environment.2). Competition arising out of mystical Company Participation It is due to the liberalization of the economy. Now along with the public/ giving medication players, private players are likewise offering financial services and instruments, which are more innovative and different than the earlier offering. All around, there is a fresh thinking on the financial products, structure of banking and insurance instruments with value creation. m championtary markets are world redefined, reinvented and reconfigured on a persis ext basis.3). Changing Customer DemographicsIf we look at the all-growing economies like China, Ger many an(prenominal) and Brazil, India has 35% of the population in the age assemblage of 15years to 34 years. It is estimated that by 130mn plus people get added to working population by 2009 with 55 millio n families (320 million people) will be added in the middle-income throng (0.1 to 0.3 Million Rs). The demographic change leads to the change in the need of the customer.4).Changing Customer NeedsCustomers have larger segment in corporate decision- fashioning they are the net judges of the every single activity offered by the marketer. Banks in India have traditionally offered mass banking products. Financial market has turned into a purchasers market. Market focus is shifting from mass banking products to class banking with instauration of value added products. Today, financial institutions are co-designing the products/services with their customers and striving to provide them with global solutions5).Technology ImprovementsTechnology is too helping market players redefine the way they have been operating in the market. In at onces time it becomes vary easy for a customer to transfer a fund from one location to an other location with CLICK of Mouse. Availability of the concept s like phone banking, anytime banking etc. has become possible because of the technical emergences only.6).Government ReformsGovernment is major decision player in the financial market. It decides the proportion of the investment limits as well as the regulation and control. In last ten years government is designing its constitution with more liberal and competitive content. Which it are welcome trends for the emerging financial services.7).Heightened focus on customer resemblanceBanks of the future has to be basically a marketing organization that also sells banking products. New distri scarcelyion channels are being used more & more banks are outsourcing services like disbursement and servicing of con supplyer loans, impute card business. Direct Selling Agents (DSAs) of various Banks go out and sell their products. They make nursing home calls to get the application form filled in properly and also take your passport-sized photo.Revolution in Banking SectorBanking in India o riginated in the first decennary of 18th century with the General Bank coming into existence in 1786. Bank of Hindustan followed this. Both these banks are now defunct. The oldest bank in existence in India is the State Bank of India being established as the Bank of Calcutta in Calcutta in June 1806. In the early 1990s the then Narasimha Rao government embarked on the policy of liberalization and gave license to midget number of private banks, which came to be known as new generation tech-savvy banks such as ICICI Bank and HDFC Bank. Currently in 2005, banking in India is considered fairly matured in terms of supply, product range and reach-even though reach in rural India still remains a contend for the private sector and foreign banks. With the growth of Indian economy expected to be strong for quite some time especially in its service sector, the demand for banking services specially retail banking, mortgage and investment services are expected to be strong. The emerging areas in banking services are2 in 1 AccountsOverdrafts (OD)ATMsNet BankingCredit Card2 in 1 Accounts2 in 1 delineates are available at many of the foreign and private banks. It amalgamates the features of a savings or a current account and a fixed deposit account. As soon as one opens 2 in 1 accounts with the bank, deposit starts earning a rate of interest higher than that of a plain savings account. The rate of interest can be equivalent to prevailing rates for Fixed Deposit. Customers can choose the sweep option Term Deposit or Mutual Fund, based on their requirements.Overdraft ODOverdraft is the concur amount by which a bank account can be overdrawn. When the amount of money withdrawn from the bank account is greater than the amount truly available in the account the excess is known as the overdraft and the account is said to be overdrawn. If agreed by the bank in advance this is essentially a form of loan adeptness and there is a particular interest rate attached with the overdr awn amount.ATMsAutomated Teller Machines has revolutionarys total banking sector. Currently there are more than 16000 ATMs in India fulfilling the daily requirement of money to a common man. The story of the humble cash-dispensing machine started around deuce-ace decades back. Since then they have become common site in metros and semi metro cities. ATM allows a customer to do number of banking functions like withdrawing cash, making balance inquiries, transferring money from one account to another account, request for a Cheque book and statements, Utility Bill Payment like electricity bills, Credit Card payments etc by using a plastic, magnetic strip card and personal identification number issued by financial institution.Net BankingInternet engineering has invaded the portal of our banking institutions. No doubt innovation like ATM have considerably put customer at ease in the recent past, but with net banking the customer will be able to transact with the help of the mouse. The services offered enable one to check doctrine card transactions, paying bills, transferring fund between accounts in two different banks, and scheduling future payments and transfers. A gradual increase in net banking is logical as the need to asperse costs catches attention. A North American Internet Banking survey done by management consultancy Booz Allen & Hamilton in 2000 revealed that the cheapest way of banking is internet banking.Credit CardsIt is estimated in the year 2004 the total credit card market in the country was at 17 million cards. The credit card industry is growing at 30 35 % per annum at present. The size of Indian credit card market is estimated to be around $4bn by end of 2010. Four banks have now crossed the 2 million card base, with ICICI bank leading the pack at 4 million cards followed by Citi bank at 2.8 million, HDFC bank at 2.2 million and SBI card just over 2 million. Industry average for spends on credit a card two years agone was just around Rs 16 ,000 per card that has now increased to around 20,000 per card. Rapid Advancement in Technology, Easier access to knowledge and globalization have changed entire banking sector. Because of these brokers today customer is sophisticated and well aware about the financial needs.Leasing ServicesThe Indian company investors must be acknowledged that lease is that agreement under which the company or Indian firm acquire the guide skilful and make use of certain capital asset on the consideration of payment of rental charges. The Indian corporate company must equally known that it cannot equally know that it cannot acquire any kind of ownership to such an asset apart from making use of it. The user comparatively pays all the expected operating costs and also the maintenance expenses.The main corporate companies must equally take into the consideration that developed countries like America, United Kingdom the companies of such a countries are commonly depending on the leasing factor. In India since the era of liberalization, many of the Indian companies have equally been involved in the leasing transactions. On the other side, many financial institutions and even the commercial banks in the Indian financial sector have comparatively been accepted over the same transactions.Mutual Funds ServicesThe Indian corporate companies must equally be informed that the common coin comprises of the exact bills gained by pooling all the public savings. The mutual funds are comparatively invested in those portfolios, which are commonly diversified in nature with the main objectives of sharing the risk. The Indian small-scale investors cannot be able to get their funds from the comparative big corporate companies can equally gain there working funds from the mutual funds.Interpretation-However, the modern concept of the mutual funds was developed in1968 in London by the foreign and colonial government trust of London. By which it gained its invention in India in early 1980 , even if it was exactly started in 1964 by the unit trust of India. In addition to the above, the mutual funds can be grouped into a Close ended funds & b Open ended funds. The Indian corporate companies can only benefits from the mutual funds on gaining savings for investment, better yield low cost on investment, tax benefits, flexible on investment, promoting industrial development reducing the cost of new issue and many more other advantages.On the other side, Indian corporate companies must be informed on the kind of risks involved with the mutual funds like market risks, scheme risks, business risk, investment risks and even the political nature of risks. While the investors are selecting the funds must take into account the objectives of the fund, consistency of performance of the funds. Historical background of the funds, cost of operation, capacity for innovation, the investors servicing, market trends, and even the transparence of the fund management. For the Indian mutual funds to have impregnable future there must be full support of SEBI better control of capital issue, better interest rate, best PE ratio, investors must have good choice, tax concessions, and many more.Hire Purchase ServicesIn the hire purchase kind of transaction is that method of selling by which goods are left hand out on hiring by the Indian corporate company to the purchaser by which the hirer is comparatively required to the payment on an agreed sum of amount in the system of periodical installments. In the hire purchase the Indian corporate companies must know that the ownership of such kind of the belongings exactly remain under the control of the creditor who normally passes the right to hirer on the condition of payment of the last agreed sum of money in installment.The Indian corporate company must know that legally, payment is made in installment over the agreed specified period, possession of the same right is delivered to the purchaser during the time of agreement , the property passes to the exact purchaser on the agreed last installment, and the hirer has a right to return the property without further installment. In addition to the above, the Indian corporate company must know that the agreement must comparatively contain the nature of the goods as described in path so that to identify them easily, the nature of the hire purchase price, the date of commencement and finally the extend or number of installments.Venture Capital ServicesThe surmisal capital is that investment in the new Indian enterprises without stability in growth. Its that environment of capital, shareholding and even the setting up of small firms, which are comparatively specializing, in same new technological ideas in the commercial sectors. The venture capital is equity participation, its of high risk in nature, its also available only for commercialization of new technologies and its the exact promoter of the projects, and its continuous in nature and input of the fir m. The Indian corporate companies must equally know that venture capital involves the development of project idea, implementation, fledging or additional financing, and establishment stage.The main importance of venture capital to Indian, corporate companies are the reduction of risk, easy to analyze the business prospects and to assume the investors on affairs of the business. The Indian methods of venture financing are equity participation, income notes, the conventional loans and even the conditional loans. In order to promote the venture capital growth in India, there must be tax concessions for capital gains, high level development of capital market, giving of fiscal incentives to Indian corporate companies, high level participation of the private sectors the improving and reviewing of the existing laws and limited partnership and many more.Discounting, compute and forfeiting servicesDue to the exact trade transaction the trade bill comparatively arises, the Indian corporate c ompanies must take into consideration that the supplier of the exact goods draws bill which is based on the purchase for the invoice price of goods sold on credit method of which is drawn on the short period of time. The buyer pays the amount on the exact date by which the supplier of goods has to await until the expiry of the exact bill. However, the banks provides the cash discounting based on the exact trade bills by which they deduct certain charges as discount based on the amount of the bill and credit balance of the customers account.FactoringFactoring is to get thing being done. The ward factor means to mark or to do according to R.W. Johnson factoring is a service involving the purchase by financial organization, called a factor of receivables owned by manufacturers and distributors by the customers with the factor assuming full credit and collection responsibilities. The main conditions of factoring that the Indian corporate companies must know are these must be assignment of debt that has to be in favour of the factor. The selling limits for the client, the factor must have recourse to the client in the case of non-payment by the customer the factor will equally have recourse in case of non-payment, details on payment for the services, interest and limit of any overdraft facility charged. The Indian corporate companies must be well informed about the types of factoring as full service, recourse factoring, maturity, bulk, invoice, agency and also international factoring. At the same time the exact cost of factoring like the pricing, fee, discount, accounting system must be taken into consideration.ForfeitingForfeiting is the French term means to spend something or give ones right. Generally the term forfeit is non-recourse purchase by the commercial bank or any other financial intermediaries or institutions receivables that equally arises from the export of the goods.Securitization of Debt ServicesThe securitization is that process by which the liqui dating of the liquid and the long term assets of the Indian corporate companies like the loans and receivables by the number marketable securities against the same. However, the Indian corporate companies must know that securitization is that technique by which the exact long term, non-negotiable instruments are equally converted into securities of such kind of small value in nature which can be easily transacted in the commercial capital market. In India, apart from the above, there is low and unpopularity of securitization due to introduction of it as its a new idea or concept to India, heavy stamp duty and comparative registration fees imposed by the Indian government, complicated and also legal transfer procedure the difficulty in the assignment of debts. withal there is scurvy standard of loan documentation, problem of wretched credit rating system, poor accounting procedure and lack of comprehensive guidance.DerivativesThe derivatives are those instruments, which are commo nly used to derive therein-exact value of underlying asset of the financial institutional corporate companies. The derivatives comparatively may involve the payment or receipt of the value or income created by the underlying assets. The main factors that are responsible for the slow growth of derivatives in India and high level of misconception of the derivatives, the derivatives lends themselves to leveraging, the nature of the off balance sheet, items, poor accounting system, speculative mechanism and finally poor infrastructure system.Credit Rating ServicesAccording to Moodys Rating are designed exclusively for the purpose of grading bonds according to their investments qualities. Also according to the Australian Ratings A corporate credit rating provides lenders with a simple system of gradation by which the relative capacity of companies to make timely repayment of interest and principal on a particular type of debt can be noted. The main credit ratings in India are credit rat ing information service ltd (CRISIL), investment information and credit rating agency of India (ICRA), Credit Analysis and Research (CARE), and Duff Phelps Credit Rating Pvt. Ltd (DCR India).Objectives of merchant Banking in Prevailing Economy* To study the significance of Merchant Banking towards the development of securities industry.* To analyze issue management regulations.* To analyze the functions of Merchant Banking in relation to rules and regulations of SEBI.* To treasure the performance of Merchant Bankers, both activity performance and operational and financial performance.* To draw a conclusion and suggestions based on the analysis and experiences Comparison of Merchant Banking Services of INDBANK V/S CANARA BANK About IndBank- Indian Bank, established in 1907, is a major Indian Commercial Bank headquartered in Chennai (Madras), India. It has 22,000 employees, 1,657 branches and is one of the big public sector banks of India. It has overseas branches in Colombo, Sri Lan ka, Singapore, and 229 correspondent banks in 69 countries. The Government of India nationalized the bank, along with 13 other major commercial banks, on 19 July 1969. Merchant Banking at INDBANKIndbank is a Category 1 Merchant Banker registered with Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) undertaking assignments * Under various capacities like Lead Manager, Co-Manager, Advisor, personal organiser etc. for public issues, rights issues and private placement. * For acquisition of shares & takeovers under SEBI (Substantial Acquisition of shares and Takeovers) Regulations, 1997, SEBI (Buyback of Securities) Regulations, 1998 and SEBI (De-listing of Securities) Guidelines, 2003. * For Employee profligate Option Scheme / Stock Purchase Scheme by Corporates under the SEBI (Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme), Guidelines, 1999. Advisory Services